ADITYA - L1- India's 1st 🌞 Solar Mission

Aditya L1 is going to be the first Indian Space mission to study the Sun's upper-Atmosphere also Known as "Solar Corona". The Space Craft is Being Jointly Designed and Developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and Other Indian Institutions like the Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) Ahmedabad, Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics (IUCAA), Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA). The spacecraft is planned to be placed in a halo orbit around the Lagrange Point 1 (L1) of the Sun-Earth system, about 1.5 million km from the Earth. The Aditya-L1 Mission weighs around 1500 kg and is planned to be launched aboard a PSLV-XL in September 2023. The mission will take around 109 Earth days after launch to Reach the halo orbit around the L1 point (1)

Mission objectives:-

ADITYA-L1 Spacecraft (Image credit : ISRO)

The spacecraft carries seven payloads to observe the photosphere, chromosphere and the outermost layers of the Sun (corona) using electromagnetic particle and magnetic field detectors.

The suits of Aditya L1 payloads are expected to provide the most crucial information to understand the problem of coronal heating, coronal mass ejection, pre-flare and flare activities and their characteristics, dynamics of space weather, propagation of particles and fields etc (2)

Aditya-L1 Payloads:-

Aditya-L1 Payloads (Image credit : ISRO)

There are 2 types of Payloads onboard Aditya-L1. 1. The Remote Sensing Payloads:- To observe the solar atmosphere mainly the chromosphere and corona. ------- (4 Payloads - VELC, SUIT, SoLEXS, HEL1OS) 2. In-situ Payloads:- Will be used to observe the local environment at L1. ------ (3 Payloads -ASPEX, PAPA, Magnetometers)

Remote Sensing Payloads:-

1. VELC - Visible Emission Line Coronagraph has the Capability of Corona/Imaging and spectroscopy. Designed and Developed by the Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA) (3)

2. SUIT - Solar Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope has a Capability of Photosphere and Chromosphere Imaging- Narrow and broadband. Designed and Developed by Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics (IUCAA), Pune and Other Institutes like the Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA), Center of Excellence in Space Sciences India (CESSI)-IISER Kolkata (4)

3. SoLEXS - Solar Low Energy X-ray Spectrometer has the Capability of Soft X-ray spectrometer: Sun-as-a-star observation. Designed and Developed by ISRO Satellite Centre (ISAC) (5)

4. HEL1OS - High Energy L1 Orbiting X-ray Spectrometer has a Capability of Hard X-ray spectrometer: Sun-as-a-star observation. Designed and Developed by ISRO Satellite Centre (ISAC) and Udaipur Solar Observatory (USO), Physical Research Laboratory Ahmedabad (6)
   

In-situ Payloads:-

1. ASPEX - Aditya Solar wind Particle Experiment has the Capability to Study Solar wind/Particle Analyzer Protons and heavier Ions with directions Designed and Developed by Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) (7)

2. PAPA - Plasma Analyser Package for Aditya has the Capability To understand the composition of solar wind and its energy distribution Designed and Developed by Space Physics Laboratory (SPL), VSSC (8)

3. Magnetometers - Advanced Tri-axial High-Resolution Digital Magnetometers have the Capability To measure the magnitude and nature of the interplanetary magnetic field. Designed and Developed by Space Physics Laboratory (SPL) and VSSC, Laboratory for Electro-Optics Systems (LEOS) and ISRO Satellite Centre (ISAC) (9)

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Sources:-

1.https://web.archive.org/web/20211007125322/https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/flipping_book/annual_report_2019-20_english/files/assets/common/downloads/Annual%20Report%202019-20%20(English).pdf

2. https://www.isro.gov.in/Aditya_L1.html 3. https://www.iiap.res.in/workshops/velcworkshop/home 4. https://instru.iucaa.in/index.php/projects/16-ongoing-projects/24-suit 5. http://www.cessi.in/ssw/ssw_talks_posters/poster/Goa_Poster_Sankar_Subramanian.pdf 6. https://www.prl.res.in/~bhuwan/ASI_ADITYA-L1_BJoshi.pdf 7. https://www.prl.res.in/~pids/ASPEX.html 8.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/299969138_Plasma_Analyser_Package_for_Aditya_PAPA_-_A_novel_plasma_analyser_to_study_the_composition_and_dynamics_of_the_Solarwind 9. https://www.researchgate.net/figure/a-Block-diagram-of-the-Aditya-L1-fluxgate-magnetometer_fig1_321165579 ISRO ADITYA-L1 Mission Booklet :- https://www.isro.gov.in/media_isro/pdf/Aditya_L1_Booklet.pdf https://www.isro.gov.in/media_isro/pdf/Aditya_L1_second_booklet.pdf ADITYA-L1 Wikipedia page :- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aditya-L1